Database management is a system of coordinating the information that is used to support a company’s business operations. It involves storing data, disseminating it to users and applications making edits as needed and monitoring changes to data and stopping data corruption due unexpected failure. It is a component of the informational infrastructure of a company that supports decision making as well as corporate growth and compliance with laws such as the GDPR and the California Consumer Privacy Act.

In the 1960s, Charles Bachman and IBM among others developed the first database systems. They evolved into information management systems (IMS) which allowed massive amounts of data to be stored and retrieved for a variety of reasons. From calculating inventory to aiding complex financial accounting functions and human resource functions.

A database is a set of tables which organize data according to a specific pattern, such as one-to many relationships. It uses primary key to identify records, and also allows cross-references among tables. Each table has a collection of fields, referred to as attributes, that represent facts about data entities. Relational models, developed by E. F. “Ted” Codd in the 1970s at IBM as a database, are the most used database type currently. This design is based on normalizing data to make it easier to use. It also makes it easier to update data by avoiding the need to modify various databases.

Most DBMSs can accommodate different types of databases by offering different levels of internal and external organization. The internal level deals with the cost, scalability, and other operational issues, including the physical layout of the database. The external level determines how the database appears in user interfaces and other applications. It can include a mixture of different external views based on different data models. It also may also include virtual tables that are calculated using generic data to improve the performance.

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